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PATHFINDR / CARTOGRAPHIC STUDY / SEPTEMBER 2026

Hawaiʻi, on paper.

Historical references for a contemporary personal atlas. The notes below are our design interpretation. Archive images are linked references, not artwork incorporated into customers’ prints.

LETTERING STUDY / SEPTEMBER 2026

Labels must identify a place before they decorate a map.

Our application of the sources below: upright settlement names with location dots; larger type for major towns; coastal lettering entirely over water; short, geographically faithful offsets; and deliberate adjustments to crowded coastal groups. Italics distinguish feature descriptions rather than every town near the ocean.

Geoscience Australia — Type Selection and Placement, §§5.3–5.4
Primary cartographic specifications. Names must clearly identify their features. Shoreline settlements are labeled over water, while settlements inland of the shore remain labeled on land.

Axis Maps — Labeling and text hierarchy
Professional guidance on point placement, hierarchy, restrained type families, and legibility at the intended print size.

Reddit / r/cartography — Tools for labeling printed maps
Practitioner discussion, not a formal standard. Contributors describe refining automated placement manually at the final export scale.

Reddit / r/mapmaking — Font, scaling, and tilt critique
Community feedback on readable sizes and horizontal city names for atlas-style maps.

Eduard Imhof — Positioning Names on Maps (1975)
Foundational bibliographic reference. The full paper was not accessed; implementation principles above come from the accessible sources.

Historical Maui survey map from the Story of Hawaii Museum
01 / PRIMARY DIRECTION

Maui · Government Survey

1885 survey; updated in 1903 by John M. Donn; a 1906 publication is cataloged by David Rumsey.

Apply: stacked serif title, fine frame, restrained color, a clear distinction between geographic lettering and explanatory notes.

Open State Survey scan ↗

Rumsey catalog ↗

Samuel Kalama's 1838 Na Mokupuni O Hawaii Nei map
02 / HAWAIIAN MAPMAKING

Samuel Kalama · 1838

“Na Mokupuni O Hawaii Nei,” as titled in the museum’s catalog.

Study: the role of lettering, open water, and the island group as a composition. Retain modern Hawaiian diacritics in our contemporary labels.

Story of Hawaiʻi Museum ↗
1843 Lahainaluna map of the Hawaiian Islands attributed to Sheldon Dibble by the museum
03 / LAHAINALUNA

Hawaiian Islands · 1843

The museum catalogs this Lahainaluna map under Sheldon Dibble.

Study: economical monochrome printing and small lettering. Our map should retain its character without added pictorial decoration.

Museum collection ↗

Further archive leads

Maui County, 1906 — Walter E. Wall, David Rumsey collection

Honolulu, c. 1897 — M. D. Monsarrat, UH Mānoa

Maui, 1885 — Library of Congress catalog

The county sheet is cataloged as an uncolored lithographed outline map. The Honolulu record is a useful further research lead; it has not informed specific visual changes in this pass.